نشریه رویکرد فلسفه در مدارس و سازمان ها
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1401)

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between academic optimism and academic self-efficacy of second year high school students in Abpakhsh city. The type of this research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptivecorrelation in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the present study was made up of 471 second year high school students in Abpakhsh city. The sample size of this research included 212 people, which was obtained through random cluster sampling. In order to collect information, Moran et al.'s academic optimism questionnaires (2013) and Jing and Morgan's (1999) academic self-efficacy questionnaires were used. The results of the findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between trust and academic selfefficacy of second year high school students in Abpakhsh city, in the sense that the higher the level of trust, the stronger the students' academic self-efficacy. There is a positive and significant relationship between academic emphasis and academic self-efficacy of second year high school students in Abpakhsh city, in the sense that the higher the academic emphasis, the stronger the students' academic self-efficacy. There is a positive and significant relationship between academic unity and academic self-efficacy of second year high school students in Abpakhsh city, in the sense that the higher the level of academic unity, the stronger the students' academic self-efficacy.

The current research aims to explain the place of human beings in the excellence of the organization by using the meta-composite qualitative method. An important part of the success and excellence of organizations is the result of the effectiveness and appropriate actions of human resources and their leaders. In today's conditions, when organizations face a global competitive environment, there is always a need for radical changes and work creativity. Excellent organizations value employees and create a culture that leads to the achievement of individual and organizational goals. They develop the capabilities of employees and promote justice and equality. They pay attention to their employees, communicate and encourage and appreciate them in a way that creates motivation and commitment in them. They enable them to use their skills and knowledge for organizational benefits. The findings of this research show that the identified variables that are effective in explaining the human position in organizational excellence include job enthusiasm, organizational innovation, organizational creativity, perceived organizational support, improvement of human resources, organizational learning and organizational agility capabilities, empowerment and Development of human resources, recruitment, education and maintenance, development of individual knowledge and professional ethics. Knowledge management was the five dimensions of transformational leadership (ideal characteristics, ideal behaviors, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and personal considerations) and the adoption of management methods.

The main goal of this research is the pathology of the chemistry teaching process considering learning in the second year of high school. The current research is a descriptive-field research and the statistical population consists of a group of chemistry teachers and their students in Tabriz city. For each statistical population, there are 10 closed-ended questions on the Likert scale and 1 open-ended question, considering that the statistical population in question is 15 teachers and 200 students. The data obtained from the questionnaire through data analysis in two The level of descriptive and inferential statistics was done and finally the problems related to the teaching process and its importance were identified and solutions were presented. By looking deeply at these problems, teachers are obliged to take basic steps in order to revise their teaching style.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on bullying and irritability of preschool students in Mashhad. The present study was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. In the present study, the statistical population included all preschool students in Mashhad in the academic year of 2019-2020. In the present study, considering all preschool students in Mashhad in the 2019- 2020 academic year; Samples (30 people) are available by sampling; They were selected from the statistical population and were divided into two groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group underwent group therapy based on acceptance and commitment during 6 sessions. Bass and Plumine (1984) and Illinois (2001) bullying questionnaires were used in pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS-22 software was used in all statistical analyzes of this study. The results showed that the experimental group had a significant decrease in the score of irritability and bullying after receiving treatment based on acceptance and commitment. Therefore, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment-based therapy is effective on irritability and bullying of preschool students.

The aim of the present research is to analyze the content of the topics in the "Transmission of Information in Generations" book of the 12th Biology in terms of being active or not, based on William Rumi's model. Objective To what extent are the sentences and images of the section "Information transmission in generations" of the 12th grade biology book of the second year of high school actively or passively compiled? The existing research was conducted using quantitative content analysis and descriptive statistical methods. The studied society considered in this project was the chapter "Information transfer in generations" of the new book authored by the twelfth grade biology in the academic year of 1401-1400. The results of this research showed that the conflict index for the sentences of the texts of the chapter "Information transmission in generations" in the twelfth grade biology book was in the range of 0.08 and zero for the images of these texts. Considering that the learning coefficient of the sentences of this section is less than 0.4, therefore, the authored content is not activity-oriented and is far from the ideal situation. The learning coefficient of images related to this section is zero and it is very inactive, but it is expected to be compiled in a more appropriate way.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between organizational virtue and organizational happiness of elementary school teachers in Dashtestan. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlational data collection. The statistical population of the present study was 784 primary school teachers of Dashtestan city, 258 of whom were selected through proportional stratified sampling. The data collection tool in this research was the organizational virtue questionnaires of Cameron et al. (2004) and Shadkami Argyle et al. (1989). The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variable of organizational virtue and the variable of organizational happiness. In addition, there is a positive relationship between each of the components of organizational virtue, including optimism, trust, sympathy, forgiveness, and cohesion with happiness. The general conclusion of the research showed that by strengthening organizational virtue among primary school teachers, it is possible to greatly help to increase their organizational happiness in schools.